The Citizen Lab https://citizenlab.ca University of Toronto Fri, 28 Nov 2025 13:43:55 +0000 en-CA hourly 1 The AI hype-machine: Canada’s ill-advised ‘national sprint’ on artificial intelligence https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/the-ai-hype-machine-canadas-ill-advised-national-sprint-on-artificial-intelligence/ Fri, 28 Nov 2025 13:43:55 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82917 Read more »]]> Citizen Lab senior fellow Cynthia Khoo speaks with Resh Budhu, host of the Courage My Friends podcast, about the problems with Canada’s ‘national sprint’ on artificial intelligence. She notes, “It’s kind of a slap in the face to everyone who has either been harmed by these kinds of reckless approaches to technology, or who has been studying them and saying all this time, we need to slow down, we need to look at the harms.”

Khoo further states, “We’re going on the same merry-go-round over and over again, which is why each time, it almost becomes more insulting, because you think we don’t remember just 2, 5, or 10 years ago, what happened with a technosolutionist approach to things? … You’re assuming any complicated social problem can be solved by technology, when often on the contrary, technology will make it worse.” 

Listen here.

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Avoiding the kitchen sink: A guide to mixed methods approaches within digital rights governance https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/avoiding-the-kitchen-sink-a-guide-to-mixed-methods-approaches-within-digital-rights-governance/ Fri, 28 Nov 2025 13:40:18 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82914 Read more »]]> The Citizen Lab’s Gabrielle Lim, Noura Aljizawi, Shaila Baran, and Nicola Lawford recently published an article in Internet Policy Review on the methodology of digital rights governance research. Through a  scoping review of 141 articles, the authors assess the relationship between interdisciplinary scholarship and single-, multi-, and mixed methods research. They find that interdisciplinary work is more likely than single-discipline work to employ more than one method. However, disciplinary combinations remain uneven, and greater reflexivity is needed regarding which disciplines and methods are combined, why certain approaches prevail, and how mixed or multi-method designs can better support collaboration.

Read Avoiding the kitchen sink: A guide to mixed methods approaches within digital rights governance in this special issue of Internet Policy Review.

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Dec 11 | Signalgate – The Rise of Alternative Communication Platforms https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/dec-11-signalgate-the-rise-of-alternative-communication-platforms/ Mon, 24 Nov 2025 16:56:08 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82908 This event is hosted by the Financial Times
When: December 11, 2025, 2:05 pm – 2:55 pm GMT/9:05 am – 9:55 am EST
Where: Online

Register for free

Don’t miss this panel discussion at FT Live’s Global Boardroom digital conference featuring Citizen Lab director Ron Deibert in conversation with Meredith Whittaker, president of Signal, and Anne Neuberger, former deputy national security advisor for the United States. The session will explore critical lessons on the use of digital communications offered by the Signalgate scandal. Panellists will discuss the need for security protocols; the risk of legal violations; breaches of national security; harm to international relations; and the need for accountability.

Learn more.

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Nov 26 | Women, Technology, and Peacemaking Webinar: 25 Years after UNSCR 1325 https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/webinar-women-technology-and-peacemaking/ Tue, 11 Nov 2025 17:23:50 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82857 Hosted by the Citizen Lab
Date: November 26, 2025
Time: 9:30 am – 11:00 am ET / 3:30 pm – 5:00 pm CET
Location: Online (Zoom webinar)
REGISTER

This year marks the 25th anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution 1325, a milestone recognizing women’s essential roles in peacemaking, conflict prevention, and post-conflict recovery. Yet, as the world celebrates this legacy, new realities challenge its celebration.

Digital technologies, once seen as tools for empowerment, have become instruments of surveillance, disinformation, and harassment, used by patriarchal and authoritarian actors to silence women human rights defenders and peacebuilders. Digital threats such as the hacking of devices, the exposure of private information and online abuse expand the spectrum of violence against women, creating new forms of insecurity. Even in exile, women with ties to authoritarian countries face gender-based digital transnational repression (GDTR) that aims to intimidate and silence them across borders.

This webinar brings together Citizen Lab researchers with policy advisors, Women, Peace and Security (WPS) experts, and human rights defenders to reflect on 25 years of the WPS agenda in the age of digital repression. The discussion will explore how gender, technology, and authoritarianism intersect to shape women’s participation in peace and security, and how targets of gendered digital attacks and feminist movements are building resilience and reimagining women’s digital security for the next 25 years.

Join us for a timely conversation on how digital repression and surveillance are reshaping women’s participation in peacebuilding and the Women, Peace and Security agenda.

 

RSVP TO ATTEND

 

Meet the Speakers

KEYNOTE

Lara Scarpitta (she/her) is the OSCE senior Advisor on Gender Issues and Head of the Gender Issues Programme in the Office of the Secretary General; Senior Advisor and former Political Advisor on Peace, Mediation and Gender at the EU Delegation to the United Nations in Geneva.

MODERATOR

Urooj Mian, MSc., LL.M (she/her) is the CEO at Sustainable Human Empowerment (SHE) Associates. She holds a Master in Law (LL.M) in International Crime and Justice from the United Nations Interregional Crime Research Institute (UNICRI) and University of Torino, a Master in Social Science (M.Sc) in Peace and Conflict Research, from Uppsala University in Sweden, and a Bachelor of Public Affairs in Policy Management (B.PAPM) specializing in Human Rights and Law from Carleton University. She is respected as a gender, peace and security expert internationally and regularly works with human rights defenders.  She holds a combination of experience as a life-long activist, a policy-maker, and a founding executive director of a national advocacy-focussed not-for-profit forwarding the Women Peace and Security agenda. Urooj is currently the CEO at Sustainable Human Empowerment (SHE) Associates. A boutique consulting firm headquartered in Canada with a mission to empower sustainable impact and enable transformative change in the areas of gender equality, peace and justice worldwide.

PANELLISTS

Noura Aljizawi (she/her) is a senior researcher at the Citizen Lab. Her research focuses on digital authoritarianism, disinformation, and digital transnational repression, informed by her background in human rights activism during the Syrian uprising. Aljizawi holds a Master’s degree in Global Affairs from the University of Toronto and has been recognized for her work in online safety and digital security.

Marcus Michaelsen (he/him) is a senior researcher at the Citizen Lab focusing on digital threats against exiles and diaspora communities. Previously, he was a senior post-doctoral researcher in the research group on Law, Science, Technology and Society at Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He has also held a senior information controls fellowship with the Open Technology Fund, and has worked as a lecturer and postdoc researcher in the Political Science Department of the University of Amsterdam. He holds a PhD in Media and Communication Studies from the University of Erfurt in Germany.

Siena Anstis (she/her) is a senior legal advisor at the Citizen Lab. Prior to joining Citizen Lab, she worked as a litigation associate at Morrison & Foerster in New York City and clerked for the Hon. Justice Cromwell at the Supreme Court of Canada and at the Court of Appeal for Ontario. Anstis holds a B.A. in Journalism and Anthropology from Concordia University, a Bachelor of Laws/Bachelor of Civil Law from McGill University, and a Master of Laws from the University of Cambridge.

Natalia Arno (she/her) is the president and founder of Free Russia Foundation. She is a prominent fighter for the advancement of democracy, human rights, and freedom. From 2004 to 2014, Ms. Arno worked for the International Republican Institute’s (IRI) Russia office. For her work in support of human rights and civil society in Russia, in 2012, Ms. Arno was given an ultimatum by Putin’s security services— to leave her homeland in 48 hours or face 20 years in prison on treason charges. Ms. Arno resolved to continue her fight and, in 2014, she created Free Russia Foundation (FRF) to serve as a platform for pro-democracy Russians. FRF provides support to civil societies of Russia and Belarus and has programs to assist Ukraine. FRF is a powerful global movement with centers in Washington, DC and Brussels; Kyiv, Ukraine; Berlin, Germany; Vilnius, Lithuania and Paris, France.

Sreshtha Das (they/them) is a queer disabled activist and works as a Gender Advisor/Researcher at Amnesty International. At Amnesty they developed the ‘Make It Safe Online for women, girls and LGBTI people’ project, which looks at technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TfGBV) through an intersectional and decolonial lens in different country contexts. Their work has largely been at the intersection of gender, sexuality, SRHR, militarisation and racial justice with various marginalised groups, using a structural and systemic analysis to holistically address social justice issues. 

xeenarh Mohammed (she/her) is a global leader at the intersection of technology, human rights, and governance, with over a decade of experience advancing equity and accountability in digital spaces. She currently serves as Co-Lead of the Digital Defenders Partnership, where she oversees global strategy and operations supporting human rights defenders across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe.

About UNSCR 1325

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted resolution (S/RES/1325) on women, peace and security on October 31, 2000. UNSCR 1325 calls for women’s meaningful participation in peace and security processes; however, 25 years later, the world faces new and complex realities that challenge the spirit of this resolution. Digital technologies have introduced new forms of communication and alternative public spaces. They have also become tools of surveillance, control, harassment, and violence in the hands of patriarchal, authoritarian, and militarized powers. 

The widespread use of mercenary spyware, targeted digital surveillance, online harassment, and disinformation campaigns has created an environment in which women journalists, human rights defenders, and peacemakers are systematically targeted. These technologies enable state and non-state actors to extend gender-based violence beyond physical spaces and into the digital sphere. Even when women are in exile, digital technology enables harmful actors to threaten and silence women from afar.

While the international community celebrates the progress made on the WPS agenda, women who engage in peacebuilding and human rights work still face multi-layered forms of violence that are simultaneously gendered, political, and technological.This webinar situates these realities within an intersectional feminist framework, recognizing that women from marginalized communities, including those defined by race, ethnicity, sexuality, class, religion, or migration status, experience compounded forms of exclusion and vulnerability. Understanding how these intersecting systems of power operate in digital environments is essential to advancing an inclusive and transformative WPS agenda for the next 25 years.

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Citizen Lab Researchers Sign Open Letter on Canada’s AI Strategy https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/citizen-lab-researchers-sign-open-letter-on-canadas-ai-strategy/ Wed, 05 Nov 2025 21:54:08 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82854 Read more »]]> Citizen Lab researchers and director Ron Deibert have signed an open letter to the Canadian Minister of AI and Minister of Industry rejecting the “National Sprint” on AI strategy. The letter calls upon the ministers to extend the consultation deadline, rewrite the public survey, and create a more representative AI task force.

Signatories of the letter refuse to validate the consultation, calling it a “facade for manufacturing consent for a harmful preordained agenda” and stating their intention to host an independent and separate “People’s Consultation on AI.”

Read the letter here.

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Ron Deibert Awarded SFU’s 2025 Sterling Prize in Support of Controversy https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/ron-deibert-awarded-sfus-2025-sterling-prize-in-support-of-controversy/ Tue, 04 Nov 2025 15:11:52 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82849 Read more »]]> Citizen Lab director Ron Deibert is the recipient of the 2025 Sterling Prize in Support of Controversy by Simon Fraser University (SFU). The award recognizes his ongoing work at the intersection of global security, digital technologies, and human rights.

 

SFU professor David Zandvliet says, “As chair of the Sterling Prize committee, I find his work to be both deeply interesting and courageous.” He notes that the work of the Lab, “while innately controversial, challenges complacency around the unethical use of consumer technologies while also speaking truth to power.”

For Deibert, “It’s always good to get recognition for your work, but especially where it’s meant to identify people who are doing things that are provocative,” and who “speak to powerful actors in an unvarnished way.”

Read SFU’s media release.

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Canada Isn’t Doing Its Part to Stop AI Government Surveillance, Citizen Lab Director Says: Financial Post https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/canada-isnt-doing-its-part-to-stop-ai-government-surveillance-citizen-lab-director-says-financial-post/ Tue, 04 Nov 2025 15:00:08 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82843 Read more »]]> AI is becoming a buzzword among Canadian policymakers, but should there be more focus on regulation than innovation? In a new article, Citizen Lab director Ron Deibert speaks with the Financial Post about the risks of AI.

Generative AI is transformational technology, but lack of oversight poses ethical risks.  “It’s astonishing how the industry is able to experiment on human populations with such far-reaching technology and largely unrestrained. We need some kind of wrapping around it to control for the harms and consequences,” says Deibert.

Read the article

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Prison Break – Israeli Disinfo Operations: New Episode on the Iran Podcast https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/prison-break-israeli-disinfo-operations-new-episode-on-the-iran-podcast/ Tue, 04 Nov 2025 14:54:37 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82840 Read more »]]> Citizen Lab senior researcher Alberto Fittarelli speaks with Negar Mortazavi, host of The Iran Podcast, about Israel-linked influence operations pushing for regime change in Iran. Fittarelli explains how an artificial network of users on X amplified calls for unrest, sometimes with the aid of AI-generated images and videos.

The perpetrators of the operation were “trying to fake grassroots support for a campaign that was completely artificial, completely synthetic, and never had any traction in real life,” says Fittarelli. 

Listen to the full episode on Spotify, Apple, or wherever you get your podcasts.

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NOV 12 | From Stasi to Spyware – Old Tactics, New Technology https://citizenlab.ca/2025/11/nov-12-from-stasi-to-spyware-old-tactics-new-technology/ Tue, 04 Nov 2025 14:49:21 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82836 On November 12, Citizen Lab senior researcher John Scott-Railton will partake in the panel titled “From Stasi to Spyware: Old Tactics, New Technology” at Berlin Freedom Week. The session will explore how authoritarian surveillance mechanisms — then and now — affect those targeted, how societies can respond, how solidarity with victims can be strengthened, and what political options exist to protect against spyware attacks.

Click  here to learn more.

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How Anti-Cybercrime Laws Are Being Weaponized to Repress Journalism: Columbia Journalism Review https://citizenlab.ca/2025/10/how-anti-cybercrime-laws-are-being-weaponized-to-repress-journalism-columbia-journalism-review/ Thu, 30 Oct 2025 17:04:36 +0000 https://citizenlab.ca/?p=82833 Read more »]]> In many countries, laws against cybercrime are being weaponized to repress journalism. Speaking to the Columbia Journalism Review, Citizen Lab doctoral fellow Gabrielle Lim warns that democratic countries passing similar laws could provide cover to repressive authoritarian regimes. 

“Unfortunately, most of the laws being passed will have little effect in actually curbing misinformation, but instead may give governments far more authority to control content they deem false or misleading,” says Lim.

Read the article.

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